pages tagged impostosFSFLAhttp://www.fsfla.org/ikiwiki/tag/impostos.htmlFSFLAikiwiki2019-08-18T16:05:36Z2008-04-25-irpf2008-r3330.pthttp://www.fsfla.org/ikiwiki/blogs/lxo/2008-04-25-irpf2008-r3330.pt.html2008-04-25T22:38:33Z2008-04-25T10:19:05Z
<p>Exatamente um ano depois da menção ao
<a href="http://www.fsfla.org/ikiwiki/blogs/lxo/2007-04-25-irpf2007-r1003.pt.html">anúncio do IRPF2007-Livre</a>, tenho o
prazer de anunciar que
<a href="http://www.fsfla.org/~lxoliva/snapshots/irpf-livre/2008/">tenho uma
versão que funciona para 2008</a>, pelo menos para gerar minha própria
declaração.</p>
<p>Veja
<a href="http://www.fsfla.org/svn/fsfla/software/irpf-livre/LEIAME">LEIAME</a>
para detalhes. Ou o
<a href="http://www.fsfla.org/svnwiki/anuncio/2008-04-softimp-irpf-livre-2008">anúncio
da FSFLA</a>.</p>
<p>Até blogo...</p>
2007-12-24 Dear Santahttp://www.fsfla.org/ikiwiki/blogs/lxo/2007-12-24-querido-papai-noel.en.html2007-12-24T04:34:25Z2007-12-24T04:34:25Z
<p>(Translated to English from the original letter in Portuguese)</p>
<p>To: <a href="mailto:joaquim.figueiredo@receita.fazenda.gov.br">joaquim.figueiredo@receita.fazenda.gov.br</a>, <a href="mailto:deivi.kuhn@serpro.gov.br">deivi.kuhn@serpro.gov.br</a><br />
Cc: <a href="mailto:softwares-impostos@fsfla.org">softwares-impostos@fsfla.org</a>, <a href="mailto:psl-brasil@listas.softwarelivre.org">psl-brasil@listas.softwarelivre.org</a><br />
Subject: Request for source code for IRPF2008v1.0_Teste<br />
From: Alexandre Oliva <a href="mailto:lxoliva@fsfla.org">lxoliva@fsfla.org</a><br />
Organization: FSF Latin America</p>
<p>I hereby request Receita Federal and SERPRO to provide me with access
to the source code, owned by the Union, developed by the latter on
behalf of the former, corresponding to the classes in the test version
of IRPF2008, in directories "irpf" and "serpro" packaged in the file
irpf.jar.</p>
<p>The reasons for this request include, in the spirit of collaborative
development that moves Free Software, that of contributing to the
behavior and security validation of the software, as well as that of
simplifying the development of Free Software with similar purpose.</p>
<p>Ideally, I'd like to be able to directly use the public files, created
by SERPRO, for this latter purpose. Since the Union is the copyright
holder over these public files, and considering the limited usefulness
of the code at hand, I see good reasons to publish the aforementioned
code under a Free Software license. On the other hand, it seems to me
that the limitations of purpose mentioned in the download page
contradict the license of some of the third-party components used in
this program.</p>
<p>I remind you that the allegations of supposed security reasons to not
divulge the source code are voided by the possibility of decompilation
of the Java code, which I've already proved with IRPF2007-Livre.</p>
<p>In fact, I've already started the decompilation process of the test
version for 2008, and the big similarity with the 2007 version enables
a mapping of equivalences and subsequent recovery of almost all the
information that was discarde or removed during the process of
artificial obfuscation of the object code.</p>
<p>If I, far from being an expert in reverse engineering, am finding
little difficulty in doing this, even in the obfuscated version,
imagine what someone, with knowledge on the subject and interest in
reaping illegitimate advantages or causing harm, would do if the
emprisionment of the code sought to hide, in such an ineffective way,
information that would enable such benefits or harm?</p>
<p>As for legitimate interests, in the face of the current situation,
unfortunately even after I complete the decompilation and publish the
result, I still won't have achieved the goal, worth repeating, that
any taxpayer be able to comply with his or her tax obligations without
giving up digital freedom. The explicit delimitation of purpose for
the software in question, although incompatible with other utilized
licenses, makes the mere recovery of the source code insufficient to
render the mentioned Software Free, like it should be.</p>
<p>To achieve this goal, publication of source code is needed under
terms that permit its unrestricted use, its study, modification,
distribution and publication, as well as that of versions based on it.
It would be best if Receita Federal itself took the initiative of
Freeing the code developed for it.</p>
<p>However, if there's opposition to the conveyance of the code
copyrighted by the Union under a Free Software license, I, in order to
comply simultaneously with my legal obligations and my ethical and
moral commitment to not use non-Free Software, will find myself
obligated to work in order for there to be Free Software to comply
with my legal obligations, even if to this end I end up having to
duplicate work that my taxes have already paid for.</p>
<p>It is worth mentioning that the conveyance of the requested
information, to any Brazilian citizen or resident who requests it, is
required by law, as I understand this is constitutional matter, and
that effective security reasons indicate that the validation of tax
declarations must be performed by the software that receives them, and
not only by that which prepares them on an unknown environment, that
may be not only unreliable, as in computers fail, but also potentially
hostile, as in under potentially-adversary control.</p>
<p>This request is supported by the constitutional principle of
publicness, imposed on the public administration in the 1988 Federal
Constitution, in its Article 37, and in the right to receive from
public offices information of personal or collective interest,
established in Article 5.XXXIII, without room for objection to the
conveyance based on the exceptions regulated by law 11.111, dated May
5, 2005, for this is a program that merely facilitates the filling in
of income tax declarations, and a test version thereof while at that.</p>
<p>Furthermore, I point out that any contractual restrictions between
Receita Federal and SERPRO that might prevent any of the parties from
complying with their constitutional obligations, towards myself or
other citizens, are void of effect, just like any contractual
provision conflicting with current law.</p>
<p>Should you find that any more-formal procedure would be necessary to
enable the fulfilment of this request, I'm ready to get it started,
and I'd appreciate your suggestions as to what procedure would be most
adequate to make it easier for you to seek means to comply with the
law and respect citizens in their rights hereby described.</p>
<p>Reassured of being able to count on your cooperation,</p>
<p>At your service,</p>
<p>-- <br />
Alexandre Oliva <a href="http://www.lsd.ic.unicamp.br/~oliva/">http://www.lsd.ic.unicamp.br/~oliva/</a><br />
FSF Latin America Board Member <a href="http://www.fsfla.org/">http://www.fsfla.org/</a><br />
Red Hat Compiler Engineer <aoliva@{redhat.com>, gcc.gnu.org}<br />
Free Software Evangelist <oliva@{lsd.ic.unicamp.br>, gnu.org}</p>
2007-12-24 Querido Papai Noelhttp://www.fsfla.org/ikiwiki/blogs/lxo/2007-12-24-querido-papai-noel.pt.html2007-12-24T02:06:30Z2007-12-24T02:06:30Z
<p>To: <a href="mailto:joaquim.figueiredo@receita.fazenda.gov.br">joaquim.figueiredo@receita.fazenda.gov.br</a>, <a href="mailto:deivi.kuhn@serpro.gov.br">deivi.kuhn@serpro.gov.br</a><br />
Cc: <a href="mailto:softwares-impostos@fsfla.org">softwares-impostos@fsfla.org</a>, <a href="mailto:psl-brasil@listas.softwarelivre.org">psl-brasil@listas.softwarelivre.org</a><br />
Subject: Solicitação de código fonte do IRPF2008v1.0_Teste<br />
From: Alexandre Oliva <a href="mailto:lxoliva@fsfla.org">lxoliva@fsfla.org</a><br />
Organization: FSF Latin America</p>
<p>Venho por meio desta solicitar, à Receita Federal e ao SERPRO, acesso
ao código fonte, de titularidade da União, desenvolvido por este a
serviço daquela, correspondente às classes contidas na versão de teste
do IRPF2008, nos diretórios "irpf" e "serpro" empacotados no arquivo
irpf.jar.</p>
<p>Os motivos para esta solicitação incluem, dentro do espírito da
produção colaborativa que anima o Software Livre, o de contribuir na
validação do comportamento e da segurança do software, assim como para
facilitar o desenvolvimento de Software Livre com propósito similar.</p>
<p>Idealmente, gostaria de poder aproveitar diretamente os arquivos
públicos, criados pelo SERPRO, para esta última finalidade. Sendo a
União a titular dos direitos autorais sobre estes arquivos públicos, e
considerando a limitada utilidade do código em questão, vejo boas
razões para a publicação do referido código sob licença de Software
Livre. Doutra feita, parece-me que as delimitações de propósito
mencionadas na página de download contrariam a licença de alguns dos
componentes de terceiros utilizados neste programa.</p>
<p>Lembro que a alegação de supostas razões de segurança para a não
divulgação do código fonte caem por terra diante da possibilidade da
descompilação do código Java, conforme já comprovei no IRPF2007-Livre.</p>
<p>De fato, já dei início ao processo de descompilação da versão de
testes para 2008, e a grande semelhança com a versão de 2007 permite
mapear as equivalências e em seguida recuperar quase toda a informação
que foi descartada ou removida durante o processo de obscurecimento
artificial do código objeto.</p>
<p>Se eu, que estou longe de ser um especialista em engenharia reversa,
estou encontrando poucas dificuldades para fazê-lo, mesmo na versão
obscurecida, imagine alguém, com conhecimento do assunto e interesse
em colher benefícios ilegítimos ou causar danos, o que faria se de
fato o aprisionamento do código tentasse esconder, de forma tão pouco
efetiva, informações que viabilizassem tais benefícios ou danos?</p>
<p>Quanto a interesses legítimos, diante da situação atual, infelizmente
mesmo depois que eu complete a descompilação e publique o resultado,
não terei ainda atingido o objetivo de que, vale repetir, qualquer
contribuinte possa cumprir suas obrigações fiscais sem abrir mão de
sua liberdade digital. A explícita delimitação de finalidade para o
software em questão, ainda que incompatível com outras licenças
utilizadas, faz com que a mera recuperação do código fonte seja
insuficiente para tornar o citado Software Livre, como deveria ser.</p>
<p>Para alcançar esse objetivo, faz-se necessária a publicação de código
fonte sob termos que permitam seu uso irrestrito, estudo, modificação,
distribuição e publicação, assim como de versões nele baseadas. Ideal
seria que a própria Receita Federal tomasse a iniciativa de Libertar o
código para ela desenvolvido.</p>
<p>Porém, caso haja oposição ao fornecimento do código de titularidade da
União sob licença de Software Livre, eu, a fim de cumprir
simultaneamente minhas obrigações legais e meu compromisso ético e
moral de não utilizar Software não-Livre, me verei obrigado a
trabalhar para que exista Sofware Livre para cumprir minhas obrigações
legais, ainda que para isso eu precise duplicar o trabalho pelo qual
meus impostos já pagaram.</p>
<p>Vale lembrar que a entrega das informações solicitadas, a qualquer
brasileiro ou residente no Brasil que as solicite, é exigida por lei,
conforme entendo disso ocupar-se matéria constitucional, e que as
razões de segurança efetivas indicam que a validação de declarações
fiscais deva ser feita pelo software que as recebe, e não apenas pelo
que as prepara em ambiente desconhecido, que pode ser não apenas pouco
confiável, no sentido de que computadores falham, mas também
potencialmente hostil, no sentido de estar sob controle potencialmente
adversário.</p>
<p>Esta solicitação está fundamentada no princípio constitucional da
publicidade, imposto à administração pública na Constituição Federal
de 1988, em seu Artigo 37, e no direito de receber dos órgãos públicos
informação de interesse particular e coletivo, conforme inciso XXXIII
do Artigo 5º, não cabendo objeção à entrega com base nas exceções
regulamentadas na lei 11.111, de 5 de maio de 2005, por se tratar de
programa que meramenta facilita o preenchimento da declaração de
imposto de renda, e ainda por cima por se tratar de versão de testes
do mesmo.</p>
<p>Aponto ainda que quaisquer restrições contratuais entre Receita
Federal e SERPRO que impeçam qualquer das partes de cumprir suas
obrigações constitucionais, para comigo e outros cidadãos, são
desprovidas de efeito, como o é qualquer provisão contratual contrária
à legislação vigente.</p>
<p>Caso julguem necessário algum procedimento mais formal para viabilizar
o atendimento da solicitação, estou pronto para dar-lhe início, e
apreciaria sugestão sobre qual procedimento seria mais adequado para
lhes proporcionar maior facilidade no sentido de buscar meios para
cumprir a lei e respeitar o cidadão em seus direitos aqui arrolados.</p>
<p>Certo de poder contar com sua cooperação, subscrevo-me,</p>
<p>A seu dispor,</p>
<p>-- <br />
Alexandre Oliva <a href="http://www.lsd.ic.unicamp.br/~oliva/">http://www.lsd.ic.unicamp.br/~oliva/</a><br />
FSF Latin America Board Member <a href="http://www.fsfla.org/">http://www.fsfla.org/</a><br />
Red Hat Compiler Engineer <aoliva@{redhat.com>, gcc.gnu.org}<br />
Free Software Evangelist <oliva@{lsd.ic.unicamp.br>, gnu.org}</p>
2007-05-14-irpf2007-free.enhttp://www.fsfla.org/ikiwiki/blogs/lxo/2007-05-14-irpf2007-free.en.html2007-07-05T19:43:13Z2007-05-14T20:32:01Z
<p>Bruce Byfield wrote a
<a href="http://www.linux.com/article.pl?sid=07/05/11/1813251">nice summary</a>
of FSFLA's efforts towards <a href="http://www.fsfla.org/ikiwiki/blogs/lxo/pub/freeing-the-lion.en.html">freeing IRPF2007</a>,
the Brazilian income tax software.</p>
<p>Great work, Bruce!</p>
<p>So blong...</p>
Freeing the Lionhttp://www.fsfla.org/ikiwiki/blogs/lxo/pub/freeing-the-lion.en.html2007-09-02T16:45:15Z2007-05-14T20:32:01Z
<center>
<h1>
Freeing the Lion
</h1>
<h2>
Alexandre Oliva
</h2>
</center>
<p>This is a tale of how the young FSFLA, trapped with a Lion, set it
Free and enabled every law-abiding person in Brazil to comply with
income tax obligations in freedom.</p>
<h1>Some historical background</h1>
<p>In October last year, we launched FSFLA's campaign against "Softwares
Impostos" in Brazil. It's based on an understanding that the
Brazilian Federal constitution already demands software required for
interaction between the government and citizens and taxpayers to be
Free Software.</p>
<p>A primary focus, all the way from the beginning, was software
distributed by Receita Federal (AKA RF, the Brazilian IRS) for people
to fill in and turn in (over the Internet) their income tax forms.
Although many people have an option to fill in these forms by hand, on
paper, some are required to fill in and submit these forms
electronically, necessarily using programs for MS-Windows or for
Sun-Java, distributed by RF. So, you see, "impostos" means both
"taxes" and "imposed", which is why the campaign is against "softwares
impostos" <img src="http://www.fsfla.org/ikiwiki/smileys/smile4.png" alt=";-)" />
<br /><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=en/node/120">http://www.fsfla.org/?q=en/node/120</a></p>
<p>The piece referenced below sums up some of the most serious problems
with the programs distributed by RF.
<br /><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=en/node/122#Editorial">http://www.fsfla.org/?q=en/node/122#Editorial</a></p>
<p>By mid December last year, RF released a beta version of its
form-filling software that (as usual) wouldn't run on 100% Free
Software platforms, and wasn't itself Free Software. After evaluating
our alternatives, we published an article (in Portuguese only) and
started direct action towards RF to try to fix that and other
problems, such that people could comply with their tax obligations
without giving up their freedom and without breaking the law.
<br /><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=pt/node/143">http://www.fsfla.org/?q=pt/node/143</a>
<br /><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=en/node/145">http://www.fsfla.org/?q=en/node/145</a>
<br /><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=en/node/147">http://www.fsfla.org/?q=en/node/147</a>
<br /><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=en/node/148#1">http://www.fsfla.org/?q=en/node/148#1</a></p>
<p>On March 1st, a non-beta version of the program was released, failing
to comply with the law and with our requests. Over the month of
March, we've launched a petition detailing our requests, and engaged
in negotiations with RF. They published the file formats, such that
people can have an idea of what they're turning in, even if writing a
program to perform these tasks was still impossible because critical
information was missing. RF came up with the idea of "implicit
copyright licenses", whose reasoning led us to the idea that we had an
implicit license to decompile their program and release it as Free
Software. Oh, and by exploding the ZIP and JAR files in IRPF2007,
looking for the "implicit copyright license" in there, we found out
that RF used a bunch of Free Software libraries in their software, but
failed to comply with the licenses of most of them.
<br /><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=pt/node/152">http://www.fsfla.org/?q=pt/node/152</a> (in pt_BR only, unfortunately)
<br /><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=en/node/153#3">http://www.fsfla.org/?q=en/node/153#3</a></p>
<h1>How to comply with the tax law?</h1>
<p>We kept on negotiating with RF in April, but no further progress was
made. One of the FSFLA board members, was in a difficult position
because the end-of-April deadline was looming, and there was not much
he could do. In theory, he had the following options:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>using the paper form, no later than April 30</p></li>
<li><p>using IRPF2007 to fill in the tax form, then:</p></li>
<li><p>turning it in at a bank, no later than April 27</p></li>
<li><p>using ReceitaNet (another software distributed by RF) to turn it in
over the Internet, no later than April 30</p></li>
<li><p>reverse-engineering IRPF2007 to complete the file format
specification, and then turning in a file prepared by hand or using
some other piece of software</p></li>
</ul>
<p>Using the paper form would break the law, so it was not an option.
Using the software distributed by RF was not an option either, because
its use, and even its distribution by RF, were illegal. Never mind
that its use would require him to give up his moral, philosophical and
political beliefs protected by the Brazilian Federal Constitution.</p>
<p>Hiring a third party to run the software was not much of an option,
because it would amount to forming a team to commit a crime, in which
the hired party would be in it for profit. Both would turn the
illegal use into an even more serious crime. And since the government
is the copyright holder, this infringement is punishable even in the
absence of complaint by the copyright holder.</p>
<p>Reverse-engineering looked like the only legal alternative to breaking
the law or filing a very costly lawsuit. But it looked like a lot of
work, and time was running short.</p>
<p>Meanwhile, our sister organization Free Software Foundation Europe,
through its Freedom Task Force, found out there was another license
violation we'd missed: the IRPF2007 installer for GNU/Linux/x86
included code from GNU libc without complying with its license. This
was the only infringement on copyrights held by any FSF. It's nothing
less than the original FSF that holds the copyrights on GNU libc.</p>
<p>So, on April 10, we got back in touch with RF for further negotations.
Once we cleared some press-induced misunderstandigs and presented the
evidence of copyright infringement, we asked for action and a few
favors. A request for an exception, to turn in the declaration on
paper, was denied. Also, RF said it wouldn't be able to publish a
license for use of its software before the April 30 deadline, and that
its lawyers and technical experts were already looking into the
license violations, but they wouldn't be done by the April 30
deadline. Nevertheless, a request for a deadline extension, such that
the fixed software could be legally used, was denied.</p>
<p>The request for completing the file format specification with the
hashing algorithm was declined, as was the idea of publishing the
original source code, even though both could have been required under
the constitutional principle of transparency for official acts. The
rationale was the nonsensical fear that third parties could publish
modified versions, which could confuse gullible users and put them at
risk. It was no use to point out that people could <em>already</em> do
that and that, in fact, if we wanted to, we could easily publish a
"Tax Free" version of IRPF2007.</p>
<h1>Reverse engineering</h1>
<p>Having been advised to pursue friendly negotiations rather than
litigation, we returned to the reverse-engineering efforts. After
some very limited success with another Free Java decompiler, we found
JODE. After a little bit of patching, it managed to decompile all the
software authored by Serpro for Receita Federal's IRPF2007, almost all
of it into very readable source code, and almost all of it perfectly
recompilable.
<br /><a href="http://jode.sf.net/">http://jode.sf.net/</a></p>
<p>But understanding what exactly was fed to the "secret" Crc32 hashing
algorithm proved to be tricky. Comments and documentation, missing
from the decompiled sources but certainly present in the orignal
source code, would probably have helped.</p>
<p>But then it hit him. RF couldn't possibly be demanding every taxpayer
to jump through these hoops in order to comply with the law, including
law-mandated tax obligations, while at the same time it was breaking
the law itself.</p>
<p>There had to be another way, and there was! Right there, staring at
him since he started the license compliance investigation, was a copy
of the GNU LGPL version 2, in the root directory of IRPF.jar. All of
a sudden, everything became clear. That was the "implicit license"!</p>
<p>There were other license files in there, but it was obvious that they
were not applicable: one of them was an old Jasper Reports-specific
license, and the other, the Apache 1.1 license, was in a
sub-directory, so clearly it wasn't meant to apply to everything. It
had to be the LGPL.</p>
<h1>Free Software License, non-Free Software?!?</h1>
<p>So there, he had a license to run the program, and it was a Free
Software license. But... where was the source code that should have
accompanied the binary, per the included license, to make it Free
Software? Well, it was odd, but certainly not illegal, for RF to
distribute its own code under the LGPL without offering source code,
because the requirement to offer source code applies to licensees, not
to the licensor.</p>
<p>And then, RF had forgotten to offer source code of the LGPLed
libraries it used in its software, so it was not at all surprising it
had forgotten to publish its own.</p>
<p>Anyhow, since there was after all a license, requiring others to use
the program was no longer like forcing them to break the law. Once we
understood RF's code was under the LGPL, RF's requirement to use its
own code no longer violated the lawfulness constitutional principle,
that it previously appeared to violate on two accounts.</p>
<p>One problem was the apparent lack of a license to use the program.
But RF did provide everyone with a license to run, study, modify and
distribute the program, with or without modifications.</p>
<p>The distribution and use of the program still broke the law because of
the accidental failure to comply with third-parties' copyright
licenses, but that was relatively easy to fix, it would just take some
will and some time. Theirs, or ours. Unfortunately, RF said it
wouldn't be done by the deadline it imposed on us, and it refused to
extend the deadline.</p>
<p>The other problem was about our philosophical beliefs that accepting
restrictions to our freedoms pertaining to software is immoral, and
that imposing such restrictions is unethical. Such beliefs must be
respected, according to the constitution, because the requirement
wasn't imposed to all. Since we could turn RF's LGPLed code into Free
Software by means of decompilation, running it by itself would not be
a moral problem for us.</p>
<p>Nevertheless, a number of the other components included in the package
were or had become non-Free, because of legal or illegal distribution
without source code, or by other license restrictions in a few
packages.</p>
<p>Therefore, on both legal and moral grounds, we still couldn't run the
complete software: it depended on a non-Free and illegally-distributed
components, and even on a non-Free platform. But we knew we could fix
that!</p>
<p>We'd have to remove all non-Free components, obtain the source code of
RF's LGPLed code, and fix the license compliance problems of the other
components, such that running the end result wouldn't break software
copyright law, and it wouldn't violate our moral, philosophical or
political beliefs. So that was what we had to do.</p>
<h1>Freeing the Lion</h1>
<p>So, on April 21, the efforts to set the Lion Free got started. The
date was fitting, because it was Tiradentes's holiday, and Tiradentes
is a Brazilian independence martyr. As for the Lion, that's how
Brazilians refer to income tax.</p>
<p>By April 23, the decompiled Java source code had been cleaned up and
minimally fixed by hand to enable full re-compilation; source code for
all the Free Software libraries had been located, brought into the
package and minimally adjusted such that it would compile in a 100%
Free Software environment; and the non-Free libraries had been
replaced by stubs or removed. It all compiled, and it even run, to
the point of displaying the main screen.</p>
<p>But that was all. No surprise, since that's as far as the original
version got on 100% Free Software Java Virtual Machines available at
the time. This is probably due to some bug in GNU Classpath's
implementation of Swing, and it was quite unfortunate to find out that
newer versions of the Free Software GUI components used by IRPF2007
didn't work around that bug.</p>
<p>Nevertheless, this combination of software was packaged and published
for external testing. Alas, some people claimed it didn't work for
them either, not even on non-Free Java platforms. It looked liked
we'd taken out too much Windows- and MacOS-specific GUI code.</p>
<p>Debugging this would be very difficult, and the deadline was too
close, so a difficult decision had to be made: give up the GUI, and go
for a CLI.</p>
<p>That proved to be a great idea. The program stored its data in very
easy-to-understand XML files. Editing them by hand was also trivial
after running them through some XML processor that added indentation
and line breaks.</p>
<p>After a few more hours of hacking, all the essential features needed
to fill in an electronic income tax form, and to prepare it for
transmission, had been located in the original source code, and
provided through the CLI application.</p>
<p>Editing the XML file turned out to be <em>much</em> better than using the
click-until-your-hand-hurts GUI version. It was possible to reorder
entries (such as goods, debts, dependents, etc) in however way made
sense to you, copying and global string replacement worked, and you
could make other convenient changes that the limited GUI wouldn't let
you.</p>
<p>Nothing like reducing the amount of taxes you had to pay, of course.
In fact, you didn't have to compute these numbers yourself: the CLI
offered features to use the "recompute" functionality available in the
original program, and to check for any errors or missing entries that
were required. Perfect!</p>
<p>By early morning on April 25, Alex had his declaration nearly ready to
take to the bank, so he published the CLI version used to prepare it
and went to bed. He got up at lunch time, took his daughter to
school, picked up some information at the bank that he still needed to
complete the forms, located functional floppy disk drive and media and
copied the complete declaration file to the disk.</p>
<p>At the bank, the floppy disk was read perfectly, but the file was
rejected. Uh oh! Houston, we have a problem! How could we possibly
figure out what was wrong, if all the information we had was that the
file was not a correct declaration file?</p>
<p>Fear... Had the code been decompiled incorrectly, such that the
information was not formatted properly, or computed values or even the
hashes were wrong?</p>
<p>Nah, nothing that serious. It was just missing the receipt number.
Yeah, that's right! The receipt number is generated by IRPF2007
itself, and, because of a silly cut&pasto, the call to add it to the
declaration file was missing. Once that was fixed, the file it
produced was happily accepted at the bank. A working release of the
newly-freed Brazilian tax form-filling software was published, and a
press release about it went out early the following morning, in
Portuguese. The translations took about a week longer.
<br /><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=en/node/157">http://www.fsfla.org/?q=en/node/157</a></p>
<h1>Reactions</h1>
<p>The April 30 deadline came and went. Everything was quiet, except for
the cheering in the Free Software community in Brazil and some
newcomers at the PSL-Brazil mailing list trying to understand what and
why this had happened.</p>
<p>May 1st was a holiday. On May 6, we were informed that Receita
Federal had silently published a new version of ReceitaNet and of
IRPF2007, no earlier than May 2nd. The IRPF2007 release fixed some
(but far from all) of the licensing problems, along with a statement
that explicitly permitted any taxpayer to use the program for the sole
purpose of filling in income tax forms. Nothing like that for
ReceitaNet, though.</p>
<p>This amounted to a number of steps towards complying with our
petition: taxpayers now have permission to run the program IRPF2007,
to hire third parties that are taxpayers themselves to run it for
them, and to modify the program so as to enable them to prepare their
tax returns. However, the distribution by RF was still illegal, since
it was not in compliance with third-party copyright licenses. And
still, no corresponding source code anywhere to be seen.</p>
<p>It was also a major step backwards: the explicit statement attempts to
limit the purpose of the program, which is in conflict with software
freedom and with the LGPL under which the program still appears to be
released. And the class files are now obfuscated, which might render
decompilation more difficult. The software itself does not mention
any such limitations, though, so it still looks like LGPL is the
intended license for software not covered by IRPF-Licenses.txt.</p>
<h1>More permissions</h1>
<p>After that, we got suggestions that permission to modify the program
the way we needed is explicitly granted by Brazilian software law,
based on Brazilian copyright law. It states (Art 6º, IV) that
integration of a program into an application or operating system,
retaining its essential features, is not copyright violation, as long
as it is technically indispensable for the user, and it's for
exclusive personal use.
<br /><a href="http://www.planalto.gov.br/CCIVIL/Leis/L9609.htm">http://www.planalto.gov.br/CCIVIL/Leis/L9609.htm</a></p>
<p>We were also told that the permission to distribute the program was
already granted by the regulation that approved the program, even
though the program didn't quite comply with the Java platform
requirements specified in the regulation itself.
<br /><a href="http://www.receita.fazenda.gov.br/Legislacao/Ins/2007/in7192007.htm">http://www.receita.fazenda.gov.br/Legislacao/Ins/2007/in7192007.htm</a></p>
<p>Take these two permissions together and it doesn't even look like we
needed the LGPL license to be able to publish the CLI tool along with
source code. But, hey!, not complaining. LGPL is not the best Free
Software license, but it's much better than any non-Free Software
license.</p>
<h1>Security threat?</h1>
<p>We understand this second permission applies to any form in which the
program can be represented, including the source code obtained by
means of trivial mechanical translation. So we don't quite understand
RF's fear of publishing the source code, its decision to obfuscate the
binaries, or even its recent allegations to the press (yet to be
published) that releasing the source code would amount to a major
security threat.</p>
<p>Surely, if it's so important to keep it secret, they shouldn't be
publishing it in the first place, in any form whatsoever. Not even in
obfuscated binary code!</p>
<p>They ought to take some security classes and learn that they can only
entrust with their secrets (and security needs) code that they can
inspect, and that they run themselves, on their own machines. (Maybe
it's because they don't realize this that they don't understand why we
care so much about being allowed to inspect the code we run on our
machines.)</p>
<p>Once they publish their secrets in a freely redistributable form,
they're publicly-available knowledge, even if it takes a lot of effort
for someone to figure out what that knowledge was. Even more so when
it's a no-effort task such as decompiling unobfuscated Java binaries
containing debug information, like the original release of IRPF2007.</p>
<p>Lesson #0 of computer security is that obscurity does not provide for
security. At most, it can make what's already secure slightly more
secure. If it even makes sense to say more secure, given that it
implies that what is "already secure" isn't secure in the first place.</p>
<p>If publishing the source code exploses any major security threat, for
how long have they been negligently under this threat? Are they going
to try to shift the blame onto the whistle-blower? Time will tell...</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p>Copyright 2007 Alexandre Oliva</p>
<p>Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
entire document without royalty provided the copyright notice, the
document's official URL, and this permission notice are preserved.</p>
2007-05-06-irpf2007v2.0.pthttp://www.fsfla.org/ikiwiki/blogs/lxo/2007-05-06-irpf2007v2.0.pt.html2007-07-05T19:43:13Z2007-05-06T20:34:36Z
<p>Olha só que legal!</p>
<p>Tem versão nova do IRPF2007 versão Java na
<a href="http://www.receita.fazenda.gov.br/PessoaFisica/IRPF/2007/PGDJAVA/progIRPF2007multiplataforma.htm">página
da Receita Federal</a>.</p>
<p>Duas novidades interessantes:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>um arquivo chamado IRPF-Licenses.txt dentro do IRPF.jar, contendo
licenças que faltavam na versão 1.0 e apontando para o
<a href="http://www.serpro.gov.br/servicos/downloads/">site do Serpro</a> para
download dos fontes do Jasper Reports, um dos dois softwares
licenciados sob a GNU LGPLv2 distribuídos como parte do arquivo ZIP do
programa IRPF2007 versão Java.</p></li>
<li><p>um termo público de cessão de direito de uso na página de seleção
para download das variantes da versão Java do IRPF2007:</p></li>
</ul>
<blockquote><p>A Secretaria da Receita Federal do Brasil informa que o Programa
Aplicativo para Preenchimento da Declaração de Ajuste Anual do
Imposto de Renda de Pessoa Física do exercício de 2007,
ano-calendário de 2006 (IRPF 2007 Java), desenvolvido pelo SERPRO
para a SRF,é objeto de propriedade intelectual da União e tem seu
uso licenciado para o contribuinte, para ser utilizado
exclusivamente para os fins a que se destina. Seu uso
indiscriminado parafinalidade diversa sujeita o responsável às penas
da lei.</p></blockquote>
<p><br /></p>
<p><strong>Lamentavelmente, alguns problemas sérios permanecem</strong> nesta nova
versão:</p>
<ul>
<li>falta ainda fazer o
<a href="http://www.serpro.gov.br/servicos/downloads/jasperreports-0.6.4-src.jar">link
do download dos fontes do Jasper Reports</a> funcionar. Quando comecei
a escrever este texto, dava erro 403. Neste momento, o resultado do
download é um arquivo dizendo:</li>
</ul>
<blockquote><p>The original MIME headers for this attachment are:<br />
Content-Type: application/octet-stream; name="jasperreports-0.6.4-src.jar"<br />
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="jasperreports-0.6.4-src.jar"<br />
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64</p></blockquote>
<ul>
<li><p>não há referência à forma como obter os fontes do iText, apesar de
seu licenciamento dual GNU LGPLv2/MPL-1.1 exigir essa informação (ou
os próprios fontes).</p></li>
<li><p>não se inclui uma cópia da Common Public License 1.0, conforme
exigência do código incluído em org/eclipse, nem há qualquer menção à
satisfação dos termos dessa licença na licença do programa IRPF2007.</p></li>
<li><p>a licença e o copyright notice do jdom continuam faltando, em
violação de seus termos de licenciamento.</p></li>
<li><p>a licença de org/w3c/tools/codec/Base64* ainda está faltando, embora
isso talvez seja violação cometida pelo Jasper Reports, de onde vem
esse código.</p></li>
<li><p>a licença e o copyright notice da Sun no código em
com/sun/imageio/plugins continua faltando.</p></li>
<li><p>provavelmente impedem a libertação completa do programa as
dependências de código em:</p></li>
<li><p>apple/awt, com/apple/{eawt,eio}, presumivelmente da Apple, com
termos de licenciamento não disponíveis,</p></li>
<li><p>jhall.jar, (Java Help) da Sun, com licença estranhamente
proprietária, apesar de a
<a href="http://java.sun.com/products/javahelp/">página do JavaHelp</a>
apresentá-lo como "open source software".</p></li>
<li><p>o instalador para GNU/Linux/x86-32 ainda viola a GNU LGPLv2 da GNU
libc, de titularidade da Free Software Foundation.</p></li>
<li><p>o termo público de cessão ainda não deixa clara a autorização para
fazer alterações necessárias para o uso do software para o fim a que
ele se destina, nem para compartilhamento do software com tais
modificações para que outros possam usá-lo para o mesmo fim.</p></li>
<li><p>consta que a livre distribuição do original já está autorizada na
<a href="http://www.legiscenter.com.br/minha_conta/bj_plus/direito_tributario/atos_legais_federais/instrucoes_normativas/2007/instrucao_normativa_719_srf_de_14-02-07.htm">Instrução
Normativa 719</a>.</p></li>
<li><p>o termo público busca restringir os propósitos para que o software
pode ser usado, contrariando a LGPL e tornando esta nova versão
intencionalmente não-Livre <img src="http://www.fsfla.org/ikiwiki/smileys/sad.png" alt=":-(" /></p></li>
</ul>
<p>Pelas datas dos arquivos dentro do IRPF.jar, essa versão foi preparada
dia 27 de abril, um par de horas antes de terminar o prazo pra eu
conseguir entregar minha declaração num banco. Infelizmente tarde
demais pra eu poder usá-la.</p>
<p>O arquivo IRPF2007v2.0.zip parece que só ficou pronto dia 30 de abril,
menos de duas horas antes do prazo final para entrega via Internet, só
possível usando o programa ReceitaNet, que ainda não tenho licença
para usar.</p>
<p>Segundo o cache do Google de agora há pouco, ainda em 1º de maio de
2007, à 01:32:08 UTC, nem a versão 2.0 nem o termo de cessão de
direitos haviam sido publicados. Pois é, não tinha jeito, mesmo <img src="http://www.fsfla.org/ikiwiki/smileys/sad.png" alt=":-(" />
Segundo o servidor HTTP da Receita Federal, a última alteração ao
arquivo progIRPF2007multiplataforma.htm foi feita em 3 de maio, às
17h06, hora de Brasília.</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p>De toda forma, podemos contabilizar mais alguns avanços para nossa
<a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=pt/node/152">petição</a>:</p>
<p>1. <strong>Desobrigação de entrega em formato eletrônico.</strong> Continua
faltando.</p>
<p>2. <em>Publicação dos formatos de arquivo para entrega eletrônica.</em>
Especificação publicada no meio de março, <strong>ainda incompleta</strong>. Com
a
<a href="http://www.lsd.ic.unicamp.br/~oliva/snapshots/irpf2007-livre/">publicação
do código fonte</a>, tornou-se mais simples para qualquer um completar a
especificação sobre como calcular os hashes não especificados.</p>
<p>3. <strong>Publicação de protocolos seguros para entrega via Internet.</strong>
Continua faltando.</p>
<p>4. <em>Downloads seguros.</em> Há possibilidade de fazer download através
de <strong>HTTPS</strong>, mas ela <strong>ainda não é encorajada</strong>. Não parece
haver qualquer <strong>outra forma de autenticação de origem dos
executáveis</strong> distribuídos.</p>
<p>5. Permissão explícita para executar o software. <strong>Resolvido</strong>,
ainda que com restrição ao propósito do uso, violando a liberdade
número 0 do Software Livre.</p>
<p>6. <em>Permissão para redistribuir o software.</em> Os termos da Instrução
Normativa 719 parecem conceder essa permissão, mas não custava nada
colocá-la explicitamente tanto no binário distribuído quanto na página
de download onde está o termo de cessão de direito.</p>
<p>7. <strong>Permissão para inspecionar o software.</strong> Essa foi meio que
removida, pois a versão 2.0 foi publicada após ofuscamento dos
binários. <strong>Passo para trás</strong> <img src="http://www.fsfla.org/ikiwiki/smileys/sad.png" alt=":-(" /></p>
<p>8. <em>Permissão para modificar o software.</em> Parece ser concedida pelo
termo público de cessão, desde que usada com finalidade de
possibilitar o uso do software para seu propósito. <strong>Não faria mal
torná-la explícita.</strong> Só fica difícil imaginar como modificar sem
poder inspecionar...</p>
<p>9. <em>Permissão para distribuir modificações ao software.</em> Também se
pode argumentar que esteja <strong>implícita</strong>.</p>
<p>10. Permissão para usos comerciais do software. A permissão de uso
não faz qualquer menção a restrição ao uso comercial, então,
<strong>resolveu</strong>!</p>
<p>11. <strong>Respeito a convicções filosóficas.</strong> Isso continua faltando,
o Software ainda não é Livre e continua precisando de plataforma Java
não-Livre.</p>
<p>12. <strong>Licenciamento livre copyleft.</strong> Continua faltando, e foi dado
passo atrás quando se restringiu explicitamente o propósito do
software.</p>
<p>13. <strong>Compatibilização com o Computador para Todos.</strong> Continua a
exigência de uma plataforma que ainda não pode ser incluída nos
computadores que atendam à especificação do CpT.</p>
<p>Balanço: 2 pedidos já completamente resolvidos, 5 parcialmente
resolvidos e 6 ainda a resolver. Quase meio caminho andado?</p>
<p>Mais uma vez agradeço à Receita Federal pela disposição em buscar
atender à nossa petição, ainda que não em tempo de me permitir cumprir
com minhas obrigações legais sem transtornos nem violação de
princípios morais.</p>
<p>Até blogo...</p>
The Lion is Free, lightweight, and releasedhttp://www.fsfla.org/ikiwiki/anuncio/2007-04-irpf2007-livre.en.html2007-07-05T19:43:13Z2007-05-03T13:06:27Z
<p>Campinas, April 26, 2007---Free Software Foundation Latin America
(FSFLA) finished yesterday the process of liberation of Receita
Federal's program IRPF2007. This work enabled the submission of the
first income tax declaration in Brazil to be prepared exclusively with
Free Software.</p>
<p>A number of months went by negotating with Receita Federal, almost
without progress. The only concrete step was the publication of
specifications of file formats for the declaration, unfortunately
incomplete.</p>
<p>There wasn't any progress in the regularization of the IRPF2007
program, whose Java version for GNU/Linux infringes on copyrights of
11 Free Software packages, and whose use appeared to violate the
Software Law, that states that a computer program can only be used
with a license contract.</p>
<p>Receita Federal alleged that no further license was necessary, since
it was already implied. As it turns out, inside the application
package, we found a happy surprise. The license GNU LGPLv2, a Free
Software license! This was the implied license!</p>
<p>FSFLA believes that all the software must be Free, respecting the
freedoms to run, study, adapt and distribute the software. Therefore,
as soon as we learned about the license, we started the process of
"liberating the Lion" [T.N.: income tax is known as "the Lion" in
Brazil], using programs that, starting from the executable, generate
source code that is functionally equivalent.</p>
<p>It's not the corresponding source code that LGPL requires, since it's
missing comments and documentation, but it's something we can already
work with. In fact, since Receita Federal forgot to publish the
source code of a few LGPLed libraries that it uses in its programs, it
seems reasonable to assume that it forgot to publish its own source
code.</p>
<p>What we did was little more than rendering explicit the freedoms that
we were given, and, because of this, it is possible to create Income
Tax declarations in electronic formats using only Free Software.</p>
<p>IRPF2007-Livre still carries some deficiencies, such as the lack of a
graphical user interface. We hope that next year Receita Federal will
release a Free version of the program, that works on 100% Free
platforms.</p>
<p>For those who don't use proprietary software, there's still time to
comply with their fiscal obligations without compromising their
freedoms. The instructions manual, the source code and the license
are available in the address below.</p>
<h1>About IRPF2007-Livre</h1>
<p>It's a Free version of the IRPF2007 program distributed by Receita
Federal, prepared by FSFLA as part of its Campaign against "Softwares
Impostos".</p>
<p>It offers a text-mode interface functionally sufficient to prepare
IRPF declarations for submission to Receita Federal.</p>
<p>It can be obtained, both in executable and source code forms, in the
following URL:
<br /><a href="http://www.lsd.ic.unicamp.br/~oliva/snapshots/irpf2007-livre/">http://www.lsd.ic.unicamp.br/~oliva/snapshots/irpf2007-livre/</a></p>
<h1>About FSFLA's Campaign against Softwares Impostos</h1>
<p>We understand the Brazilian law, particularly the Federal
Constitution, grant preference to Free Software in the public
administration, both internally, for compliance with constitutional
principles, and in interactions with citizens, for respect for their
fundamental constitutional rights and for compliance with the same and
other constitutional principles.</p>
<p>This campaign, started in October, 2006, seeks to educate public
administration managers about these obligations that are beneficial
both to citizens and to the public administration itself, such that
they pay attention not only to compliance with the law, but also to
respect for citizens and for digital freedom.
<br /><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=en/node/153#3">http://www.fsfla.org/?q=en/node/153#3</a>
<br /><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=pt/node/152">http://www.fsfla.org/?q=pt/node/152</a> (in Portuguese)
<br /><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=en/node/148#1">http://www.fsfla.org/?q=en/node/148#1</a>
<br /><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=en/node/122#Editorial">http://www.fsfla.org/?q=en/node/122#Editorial</a>
<br /><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=en/node/120">http://www.fsfla.org/?q=en/node/120</a></p>
<h1>About FSFLA</h1>
<p>FSFLA joined in 2005 the FSF network, previously formed by Free
Software Foundations in the United States, in Europe and in India.
These sister organizations work in their corresponding geographies
towards promoting the same Free Software ideals and defending the same
freedoms for software users and developers, working locally but
cooperating globally. For more information about FSFLA and to
contribute to our work, visit our web site at
<a href="http://www.fsfla.org">http://www.fsfla.org</a> or write to <a href="mailto:info@fsfla.org">info@fsfla.org</a>.</p>
<h1>Press contacts</h1>
<p>Alexandre Oliva<br />
Board member, FSFLA<br />
<a href="mailto:lxoliva@fsfla.org">lxoliva@fsfla.org</a><br />
+55 19 9714-3658 / 3243-5233</p>
<p>Pedro A.D. Rezende<br />
Board member, FSFLA<br />
<a href="mailto:prezende@fsfla.org">prezende@fsfla.org</a><br />
+55 61 3368-6031 / 3307-2482</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p>Copyright 2007 FSFLA</p>
<p>Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
entire document without royalty provided the copyright notice, the
document's official URL, and this permission notice are preserved.</p>
<p>Permission is also granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
individual sections of this document without royalty provided the
copyright notice and the permission notice above are preserved, and
the document's official URL is preserved or replaced by the individual
section's official URL.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=en/node/157">http://www.fsfla.org/?q=en/node/157</a></p>
El León está Libre, ágil, y sueltohttp://www.fsfla.org/ikiwiki/anuncio/2007-04-irpf2007-livre.es.html2007-07-05T19:43:13Z2007-05-03T13:06:27Z
<p>Campinas, 26 de abril de 2007---La Free Software Foundation Latin
America (FSFLA) terminó ayer el proceso de liberación del programa de
la Receita Federal, el IRPF2007. Este trabajo posibilitó la entrega
de la primera declaración de impuesto de renta en Brasil preparada
exclusivamente con Software Libre.</p>
<p>Fueron algunos meses de negociación con la Receita Federal, casi sin
suceso. El único paso concreto fue la publicación de las
especificaciones de los formatos de archivo de declaración,
desafortunadamente incompletas.</p>
<p>No hubo ningún progreso en la regularización del programa IRPF2007,
cuya versión Java para GNU/Linux infringe derechos de autor de 11
paquetes de Software Libre y cuyo uso parecía violar la Ley del
Software, que dice que un programa de computadora solamente se puede
usar mediante un contrato de licencia.</p>
<p>La Receita Federal alegaba que ninguna licencia adicional era
necesaria, puesto que ya estaba implícita. Sucedió que, dentro del
paquete de la aplicación, encontramos una hermosa sorpresa. La
licencia GNU LGPLv2, una licencia de Software Libre! Esta era la tal
licencia implícita!</p>
<p>La FSFLA cree que todo el software debe ser Libre, respetando las
libertades de uso, estudio, adaptación y distribución del software.
Por lo que, una vez informados de la licencia, iniciamos el proceso de
"liberación del León" [N.T.: El impuesto de renta es conocido como "el
León" en Brasil], utilizando programas que, partiendo de un
ejecutable, producen código fuente funcionalmente equivalente.</p>
<p>No es el código fuente correspondiente que la LGPL exige, puesto que
le faltan los comentarios y la documentación, pero es algo con lo que
ya se puede trabajar. De hecho, como la Receita Federal ha olvidado
publicar los códigos fuentes de algunas de las librerías LGPL que usa
en sus programas, parece razonable suponer que ella haya olvidado
publicar sus propios códigos fuentes.</p>
<p>El proceso realizado no fue más que explicitar las libertades que nos
fueron dadas, y gracias a esto, es posible realizar declaraciones de
Impuesto de Renta en formato electrónico utilizando solamente Software
Libre.</p>
<p>El IRPF2007-Livre aún tiene algunas deficiencias, tales como la falta
de interfaz gráfica. Esperamos que en el próximo año la Receita
Federal ofrezca una versión Libre del programa, que funcione en
plataformas 100% Libres.</p>
<p>Para aquellos que no utilizan software privativo, aún hay tiempo para
cumplir con sus deberes fiscales sin comprometer sus libertades. El
manual con instrucciones de uso, el código fuente y la licencia de uso
están disponibles en la dirección abajo.</p>
<h1>Sobre el IRPF2007-Livre</h1>
<p>Es una versión Libre del programa IRPF2007, distribuido por la Receita
Federal, preparada por la FSFLA, como parte de su Campaña contra los
Softwares Impuestos.</p>
<p>Ella ofrece una interfaz en modo texto funcionalmente suficiente para
la preparación de declaraciones de IRPF para entregar a la Receita
Federal.</p>
<p>Puede ser obtenida, tanto en forma ejecutable cuanto en forma de
código fuente, en la siguiente URL:
<br /><a href="http://www.lsd.ic.unicamp.br/~oliva/snapshots/irpf2007-livre/">http://www.lsd.ic.unicamp.br/~oliva/snapshots/irpf2007-livre/</a></p>
<h1>Sobre la Campaña de la FSFLA contra los Softwares Impuestos</h1>
<p>Entendemos que la ley brasileña, particularmente la Constitución
Federal, dan preferencia al Software Libre en el poder público, tanto
internamente, para el cumplimiento de principios constitucionales,
cuanto en las interacciones con los ciudadanos, para el respeto a sus
derechos constitucionales fundamentales y para el cumplimiento de los
mismos y de otros principios constitucionales.</p>
<p>Esta campaña, empezada en octubre de 2006, busca educar a los
administradores públicos en el respeto de estas obligaciones,
benéficas tanto para los ciudadanos como para el propio poder público,
a fin de que se atengan no solo al cumplimiento de la ley,sino también
al respeto al ciudadano y a la libertad digital.
<br /><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=es/node/154#3">http://www.fsfla.org/?q=es/node/154#3</a>
<br /><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=pt/node/152">http://www.fsfla.org/?q=pt/node/152</a> (en portugués)
<br /><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=es/node/150#1">http://www.fsfla.org/?q=es/node/150#1</a>
<br /><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=es/node/124#Editorial">http://www.fsfla.org/?q=es/node/124#Editorial</a>
<br /><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=en/node/120">http://www.fsfla.org/?q=en/node/120</a> (en inglés)
<br /><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=pt/node/119">http://www.fsfla.org/?q=pt/node/119</a> (en portugués)</p>
<h1>Sobre la FSFLA</h1>
<p>La FSFLA se ha sumado en 2005 a la red de FSFs, anteriormente formada
por las Free Software Foundations de los Estados Unidos, de Europa y
de la India. Esas organizaciones hermanas actúan en sus respectivas
áreas geográficas con el sentido de promover los mismos ideales de
Software Libre y defender las mismas libertades para usuarios y
desarrolladores de software, trabajando localmente pero cooperando
globalmente. Para mayores informaciones sobre la FSFLA y para
contribuir con nuestros trabajos, visita nuestro sítio en
<a href="http://www.fsfla.org">http://www.fsfla.org</a> o escriba a <a href="mailto:info@fsfla.org">info@fsfla.org</a>.</p>
<h1>Contactos de prensa</h1>
<p>Alexandre Oliva<br />
Consejero, FSFLA<br />
<a href="mailto:lxoliva@fsfla.org">lxoliva@fsfla.org</a><br />
+55 19 9714-3658 / 3243-5233</p>
<p>Pedro A.D. Rezende<br />
Consejero, FSFLA<br />
<a href="mailto:prezende@fsfla.org">prezende@fsfla.org</a><br />
+55 61 3368-6031 / 3307-2482</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p>Copyright 2007 FSFLA</p>
<p>Se permite la distribución y la copia literal de este artículo en su
totalidad por cualquier medio, sin paga de derechos, siempre y cuando
se conserve la nota de copyright, el URL oficial del artículo y esta
nota de permiso.</p>
<p>Se permite también la distribución y la copia literal de secciones
individuales de este artículo por cualquier medio, sin paga de
derechos, siempre y cuando se conserve la nota de copyright y la nota
de permiso arriba, y se conserve la URL oficial del documento o se la
substituya por la URL oficial de la sección individual.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=es/node/158">http://www.fsfla.org/?q=es/node/158</a></p>
O Leão está Livre, leve e soltohttp://www.fsfla.org/ikiwiki/anuncio/2007-04-irpf2007-livre.pt.html2007-07-05T19:43:13Z2007-04-26T09:03:00Z
<p>Campinas, 26 de abril de 2007---A Free Software Foundation Latin
America (FSFLA) terminou ontem o processo de libertação do programa da
Receita Federal, o IRPF2007. Este trabalho possibilitou a entrega da
primeira declaração de imposto de renda do Brasil preparada
exclusivamente com Software Livre.</p>
<p>Foram alguns meses de negociação com a Receita Federal, quase sem
sucesso. O único passo concreto foi a publicação das especificações
dos formatos de arquivo de declaração, infelizmente incompletas.</p>
<p>Não houve qualquer progresso na regularização do programa IRPF2007,
cuja versão Java para GNU/Linux infringe direitos autorais de 11
pacotes de Software Livre e cujo uso parecia violar a Lei do Software,
que diz que um programa de computador somente pode ser utilizado
mediante contrato de licença.</p>
<p>A Receita Federal alegava que nenhuma licença mais era necessária,
pois já estava implícita. E não é que, dentro do pacote do
aplicativo, encontramos uma bela surpresa? A licença GNU LGPLv2, uma
licença de Software Livre! Essa era a tal licença implícita!</p>
<p>A FSFLA acredita que todo o software deva ser Livre, respeitando as
liberdades de uso, estudo, adaptação e distribuição do software.
Portanto, uma vez cientes da licença, iniciamos o processo de
"libertação do Leão", utilizando programas que, a partir de um
executável, disponibilizam código fonte funcionalmente equivalente.</p>
<p>Não o código fonte correspondente que a LGPL exige, pois lhe faltam os
comentários e a documentação, mas algo com que já se pode trabalhar.
De fato, como a Receita Federal esqueceu de publicar os códigos fontes
de algumas das bibliotecas LGPL que ela usa em seus programas, parece
razoável supor que ela tenha esquecido de publicar seus próprios
fontes.</p>
<p>O processo realizado nada mais é que explicitar as liberdades que nos
foram dadas, e graças a isso, é possível realizar declarações de
Imposto de Renda em formato eletrônico utilizando somente Software
Livre.</p>
<p>O IRPF2007-Livre ainda tem algumas deficiências, como a falta de
interface gráfica. Esperamos que para o próximo ano a Receita Federal
disponibilize uma versão Livre do programa, que funcione em
plataformas 100% Livres.</p>
<p>Para aqueles que não utilizam softwares proprietários ainda dá tempo
de cumprir com seus deveres fiscais sem comprometer suas liberdades.
O manual com instruções de uso, código fonte e licença de uso estão
disponíveis no endereço abaixo.</p>
<h1>Sobre o IRPF2007-Livre</h1>
<p>É uma versão Livre do programa IRPF2007, distribuído pela Receita
Federal, preparada pela FSFLA, como parte de sua Campanha contra os
Softwares Impostos.</p>
<p>Ela oferece uma interface modo texto funcionalmente suficiente para o
preparo de declarações de IRPF para entrega para a Receita Federal.</p>
<p>Pode ser obtida, tanto em forma executável quanto em forma de código
fonte, na seguinte URL:
<br /><a href="http://www.lsd.ic.unicamp.br/~oliva/snapshots/irpf2007-livre/">http://www.lsd.ic.unicamp.br/~oliva/snapshots/irpf2007-livre/</a></p>
<h1>Sobre a Campanha da FSFLA contra os Softwares Impostos</h1>
<p>Entendemos que a lei brasileira, particularmente a Constituição
Federal, dêem preferência ao Software Livre no poder público, tanto
internamente, para cumprimento de princípios constitucionais, quanto
nas interações com os cidadãos, para respeito aos seus direitos
constitucionais fundamentais e para o cumprimento dos mesmos e de
outros princípios constitucionais.</p>
<p>Esta campanha, iniciada em outubro de 2006, busca educar os gestores
públicos a respeito dessas obrigações benéficas tanto aos cidadãos
quanto ao próprio poder público, a fim de que se atentem não só ao
cumprimento da lei, mas ao respeito ao cidadão e à liberdade digital.
<br /><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=pt/node/155#3">http://www.fsfla.org/?q=pt/node/155#3</a>
<br /><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=pt/node/152">http://www.fsfla.org/?q=pt/node/152</a>
<br /><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=pt/node/149#1">http://www.fsfla.org/?q=pt/node/149#1</a>
<br /><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=pt/node/123#Editorial">http://www.fsfla.org/?q=pt/node/123#Editorial</a>
<br /><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=pt/node/119">http://www.fsfla.org/?q=pt/node/119</a></p>
<h1>Sobre a FSFLA</h1>
<p>A FSFLA uniu-se em 2005 à rede de FSFs, anteriormente formada pelas
Free Software Foundations dos Estados Unidos, da Europa e da Índia.
Essas organizações irmãs atuam em suas respectivas áreas geográficas
no sentido de promover os mesmos ideais de Software Livre e defender
as mesmas liberdades para usuários e desenvolvedores de software,
agindo localmente mas cooperando globalmente. Para maiores
informações sobre a FSFLA e para contribuir com nossos trabalhos,
visite nosso sítio em <a href="http://www.fsfla.org">http://www.fsfla.org</a> ou escreva para
<a href="mailto:info@fsfla.org">info@fsfla.org</a>.</p>
<h1>Contatos de imprensa</h1>
<p>Alexandre Oliva<br />
Conselheiro, FSFLA<br />
<a href="mailto:lxoliva@fsfla.org">lxoliva@fsfla.org</a><br />
(19) 9714-3658 / 3243-5233</p>
<p>Pedro A.D. Rezende<br />
Conselheiro, FSFLA<br />
<a href="mailto:prezende@fsfla.org">prezende@fsfla.org</a><br />
(61) 3368-6031 / 3307-2482</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p>Copyright 2007 FSFLA</p>
<p>Permite-se distribuição, publicação e cópia literal da íntegra deste
documento, sem pagamento de royalties, desde que sejam preservadas a
nota de copyright, a URL oficial do documento e esta nota de
permissão.</p>
<p>Permite-se também distribuição, publicação e cópia literal de seções
individuais deste documento, sem pagamento de royalties, desde que
sejam preservadas a nota de copyright e a nota de permissão acima, e
que a URL oficial do documento seja preservada ou substituída pela URL
oficial da seção individual.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/?q=pt/node/156">http://www.fsfla.org/?q=pt/node/156</a></p>
2007-04-25-irpf2007-r1003.pthttp://www.fsfla.org/ikiwiki/blogs/lxo/2007-04-25-irpf2007-r1003.pt.html2007-07-05T19:43:13Z2007-04-25T20:15:23Z
<p>Então... Fui à agência do Banco do Brasil, pedi pro funcionário fazer
a entrega, não rolou <img src="http://www.fsfla.org/ikiwiki/smileys/sad.png" alt=":-(" /></p>
<p>Voltei pra casa, debuguei e descobri que tinha cometido um cut&pasto.
O código pra preparar a declaração para envio é bem parecido com o
código pra gravar um backup, mas ele precisa também gerar alguns dados
a mais pro recibo e incluí-los no arquivo gravado.</p>
<p>Corrigido isso, levei a declaração pro Banco do Brasil, Agência
Castelo, em Campinas, onde o Fernando gentilmente fez a transmissão
para a Receita Federal.</p>
<p>Curiosidade: ele é o pioneiro na adoção de GNU/Linux naquela agência.
Desde que eu expliquei pra ele por que não conseguia fazer acesso via
net banking, o gerente da agência, Gilberto, faz tempo que me mantém a
par dos avanços do banco em adoção de GNU/Linux, então ele fez questão
de supervisionar a transmissão.</p>
<p>Com o <strong>sucesso na transmissão</strong>, ficou um gosto de missão cumprida,
pois agora estou em dia com minhas obrigações fiscais e não usei
qualquer software proprietário para isso. YES!</p>
<p>Voltei pra casa, empacotei a versão que funcionou (r1003), publiquei-a
e agora vou me concentrar em outras coisas por um tempo. Quando eu
precisar imprimir o recibo ou a declaração, talvez eu imprima os
próprios arquivos texto, se as opções de impressão ainda não
funcionarem <img src="http://www.fsfla.org/ikiwiki/smileys/smile4.png" alt=";-)" /></p>
<p><a href="http://www.lsd.ic.unicamp.br/~oliva/snapshots/irpf2007-livre/">http://www.lsd.ic.unicamp.br/~oliva/snapshots/irpf2007-livre/</a> já tem a
versão que funciona. Faça bom uso!</p>
<p>Até blogo...</p>